{"id":12010,"date":"2013-05-18T17:08:52","date_gmt":"2013-05-18T17:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/remstim.de\/rapid-eye-movement-sur-la-piste-du-sommeil-paradoxal\/"},"modified":"2023-09-14T15:49:44","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T15:49:44","slug":"rapid-eye-movement-sur-la-piste-du-sommeil-paradoxal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/remstim.com\/fr\/rapid-eye-movement-sur-la-piste-du-sommeil-paradoxal\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapid Eye Movement – sur la piste du sommeil paradoxal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Notre sommeil se divise en plusieurs phases qui se succ\u00e8dent au cours de la nuit. Outre la phase de sommeil profond et de sommeil l\u00e9ger, le sommeil dit “Rapid Eye Movement” est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s important, notamment pour notre bien-\u00eatre. Mais qu’est-ce qui rend cette phase de sommeil si particuli\u00e8re au sein du cycle du sommeil ?<\/p>\n

Rapid Eye Movement – les faits sur le sommeil REM<\/h1>\n

La caract\u00e9ristique la plus typique du sommeil paradoxal se trouve dans la d\u00e9signation m\u00eame de cette phase de sommeil. En effet, REM signifie Rapid Eye Movement, ce qui d\u00e9crit les mouvements rapides des yeux sous les paupi\u00e8res. La phase de sommeil paradoxal se caract\u00e9rise par un rel\u00e2chement musculaire, une augmentation de la pression art\u00e9rielle et une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du rythme cardiaque. Le sommeil paradoxal s’accompagne d’une activit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale de 4 \u00e0 8 Hz – ce qui est nettement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat de veille. Pendant la phase de sommeil paradoxal, le corps se trouve gracieusement dans une sorte d’\u00e9tat de paralysie afin d’emp\u00eacher que les mouvements v\u00e9cus dans le r\u00eave ne se produisent dans la vie r\u00e9elle. Seuls les yeux font exception, car ils sont command\u00e9s par des fibres nerveuses sp\u00e9ciales.<\/p>\n

\"Rapid
Fig.1 : Hypnogramme – phases de sommeil pendant la nuit avec sommeil REM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En revanche, pendant la phase de non-rapidit\u00e9 des mouvements oculaires (sommeil NREM ou NON-REM), qui est le pendant de la phase de rapidit\u00e9 des mouvements oculaires, la pression art\u00e9rielle et la temp\u00e9rature corporelle diminuent et le dormeur ne r\u00eave pratiquement pas. Un hypnogramme<\/strong> (voir fig. 1), qui repr\u00e9sente graphiquement un profil de sommeil pendant le repos nocturne sur les stades de sommeil atteints, montre la dur\u00e9e et la succession des diff\u00e9rentes phases du Rapid Eye Movement. Selon l’hypnogramme, les phases de sommeil \u00e0 mouvements oculaires rapides ont lieu 3 \u00e0 5 fois au cours de la nuit et suivent les phases de sommeil profond. Des \u00e9tudes, en plus du profil de sommeil, ont montr\u00e9 que la premi\u00e8re phase de sommeil paradoxal survient environ 2 \u00e0 3 heures apr\u00e8s l’endormissement et ne dure qu’environ 10 minutes. En revanche, l’analyse du cycle de sommeil a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la deuxi\u00e8me phase de sommeil paradoxal est environ deux fois plus longue. Vers le matin, la phase de sommeil paradoxal a des dur\u00e9es d’environ une heure. Il n’est pas rare que les l\u00e8ve-tard r\u00eavent jusqu’\u00e0 deux heures. Si la dur\u00e9e du sommeil est de 7 heures, la moiti\u00e9 des phases de r\u00eave se situe dans les deux derni\u00e8res heures. Chez les adultes, le sommeil \u00e0 mouvements oculaires rapides occupe environ 20 \u00e0 25% du temps total de sommeil. Les nouveau-n\u00e9s passent m\u00eame plus de 50% de leur sommeil dans la phase REM. Chez les jeunes dormeurs et avec l’\u00e2ge, le r\u00e9veil est de plus en plus probable, surtout \u00e0 la fin d’une phase de sommeil paradoxal.<\/p>\n

Ce qui se passe pendant la phase de sommeil paradoxal<\/h2>\n

L’activit\u00e9 onirique peut \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque stade du sommeil. Mais leur intensit\u00e9 varie parfois tr\u00e8s nettement d’une phase \u00e0 l’autre. Des exp\u00e9riences men\u00e9es sur des volontaires ont montr\u00e9 que les r\u00eaves sont les plus forts pendant le sommeil \u00e0 mouvements oculaires rapides. Ainsi, ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9veill\u00e9s pendant le sommeil paradoxal se souvenaient tr\u00e8s bien de leurs r\u00eaves. En revanche, les personnes qui se sont r\u00e9veill\u00e9es au cours d’une phase de sommeil non paradoxal (NREM) n’en avaient plus aucun souvenir. Le sommeil \u00e0 mouvements oculaires rapides se caract\u00e9rise par une activit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale tr\u00e8s intense, qui rappelle celle de l’\u00e9tat de veille.<\/p>\n

Contexte historique<\/h3>\n

La d\u00e9couverte de la phase de sommeil paradoxal remonte \u00e0 seulement 50 ans environ. Auparavant, les scientifiques avaient tendance \u00e0 penser qu’il ne se passait rien pendant le sommeil et qu’il n’y avait donc rien \u00e0 \u00e9tudier. En 1953, le chercheur en sommeil Nathaniel Kleitmann ainsi que son doctorant Eugene Aserinsky ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9futer ce point de vue en collaboration avec une \u00e9quipe de recherche dans un laboratoire du sommeil. En effet, c’est cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 que les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert le sommeil paradoxal. Depuis, la recherche fournit de plus en plus d’informations sur la mani\u00e8re dont le sommeil paradoxal influence notre bien-\u00eatre<\/a>[en savoir plus.<\/a>..].
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En savoir plus sur la Rapid Eye Movement Stimulation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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D\u00e9couvrez comment nous pouvons nous auto-coacher \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat de veille \u00e0 l’aide de la Rapid Eye Movement Stimulation<\/a> pour un meilleur bien-\u00eatre mental et \u00e9motionnel et quel est le lien avec l’EMDR<\/a>.[en savoir plus…]<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Notre sommeil se divise en plusieurs phases qui se succ\u00e8dent au cours de la nuit. Outre la phase de sommeil profond et de sommeil l\u00e9ger, le sommeil dit “Rapid Eye Movement” est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s important, notamment pour notre bien-\u00eatre. Mais qu’est-ce qui rend cette phase de sommeil si particuli\u00e8re au sein du cycle du sommeil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[256],"tags":[252,250,254,253],"class_list":["post-12010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-principes-de-base","tag-mouvement-oculaire-rapide","tag-mouvements-oculaires","tag-phase-de-sommeil-paradoxal","tag-rem-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRapid Eye Movement - 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